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Cassava and bamboo shoots

Cassava and bamboo shoots Cassava and bamboo shoots available in Australia and New Zealand are safe to eat provided you prepare them properly. These foods contain cyanogenic glycosides; chemicals that can be broken down to release hydrogen cyanide, which can be harmful to consumers. Under the Food Standards Code cassava and bamboo shoots must be labelled with (or if unpackaged accompanied by) a statement indicating they must be fully cooked (and peeled in the case of cassava) before eating. Cassava The simplest method of detoxifying cassava roots is the wetting method1:

  • Peel the tubers, chop them and grind them into flour
  • Mix the flour with water in a ratio of 1 part cassava flour to 1.25 parts water, by weight
  • Spread the mixture of flour and water in a layer not more than 1…

    Published December 2023

Dioxins

Dioxins (February 2012) What are dioxins? Dioxins are chemicals produced when household and industrial waste is burned and as by-products from some industrial chemical processes. They persist in the environment for a long time and can get into food but assessments show the amounts are tiny so the risk to our health is minimal. Dioxins also break down in our bodies and we excrete them. Where do dioxins come from? More than 96 per cent of dioxins in the environment come from air emissions. Dioxins then fall to the ground and occur in trace amounts on soil, plant and water surfaces. In Australia, the major sources of dioxin emissions in the air are bushfires and burning agricultural stubble. Plants do not generally absorb dioxins. However, dioxins can enter the food chain when animals eat plants on which…

Published December 2023

Fluoride in bottled water

Fluoride in bottled water (June 2016) The Food Standards Code allows between 0.6 and 1.0 milligrams of fluoride (including naturally occurring and added fluoride) per litre of bottled water. This is the same level recommended for drinking water to provide benefits for dental health. A FSANZ risk assessment (Application A588 - Final Assessment Report) found there is a history of safe use of fluoride in tap water at this level. Fluoridated bottled water (at the approved levels) is nutritionally equivalent to fluoridated tap water. Not all bottled water contains fluoride. However, all bottled water with fluoride added must be clearly labelled. Bottled water with added fluoride is safe for everyone and plain bottled water (but not…

Published December 2023

Chemicals in food packaging

Chemicals in food packaging (August 2018) Food packaging prevents contamination, allows food to be transported easily and extends shelf life. From time to time concerns are raised about chemicals migrating from packaging into food. To address this concern FSANZ undertook a project to assess whether there were any unmanaged risks from packaging chemicals migrating into food. This project (Proposal P1034) was completed in October 2017.   After a thorough safety assessment involving targeted and public consultation, a number of surveys and a dietary exposure assessment, FSANZ has determined that estimated dietary exposure to these chemicals is low and not of concern for human health.

Food Standards Code

Food Standards Code All food sold in Australia and New Zealand must comply with food standards. These standards are compiled in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. FSANZ assesses applications to amend the Code and prepares proposals to vary existing standards or develop new ones.  Card Food Standards Code legislation  Links to the latest Food Standards Code legislation in the federal register. Public…

Published December 2023

Risk assessment and referral levels for dairy foods and foods containing dairy-based ingredients adulterated with melamine

Risk assessment and referral levels for dairy foods and foods containing dairy-based ingredients adulterated with melamine (14 October 2008) In September 2008 FSANZ became aware of media reports which indicated that m ore than 50 000 infants and young children in China had sought treatment for renal tube blockages and kidney stones following consumption of infant formula adulterated with melamine. The deliberate addition of melamine to food or infant formula is not approved anywhere in the world. Four deaths have now been reported and many thousands have been hospitalized with kidney problems. It is understood that melamine was added to infant formula to boost its apparent protein content. Melamine has been commercially used for many years to produce…

Published December 2023

Mercury in fish

Mercury in fish (Last reviewed December 2020) Fish is an excellent source of protein, essential omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, important vitamins and is low in saturated fat. Although mercury is present at low levels in most fish, there is no need for anyone (including pregnant and breastfeeding women) to stop eating fish altogether. Mercury occurs naturally in the environment and builds up in fish over time. All fish contain some mercury with most fish having low levels. Only a few species have higher amounts. The amount of mercury depends on the age of a fish, the environment in which it lives and what it eats. Big fish that have long lifespans and predatory fish such as swordfish and shark/flake tend to have higher levels of mercury than other smaller, younger fish. Most people only eat moderate amounts of…

Published December 2023

Aluminium

Aluminium (June 2019) Aluminium is the most abundant metallic element found in the Earth's crust and occurs naturally in soil, water and air. Occurrence in foods can occur naturally, for example, through uptake from soils or water, or from aluminium-containing food additives. Food additives containing aluminium are commonly used in baked products as leavening agents and also as emulsifiers and anti-caking agents. Standard 1.3.1 of the Food Standards Code lists the additives and levels permitted for use in Australia and New Zealand. Health effects The Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) established a health based guidance…

Published December 2023

Chemicals in food

Chemicals in food In this section

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide What is ethylene oxide? Ethylene oxide is a man-made chemical that exists as a gas above 10°C. It does not persist for long in the environment due to its instability. What is ethylene oxide used for? The primary use of ethylene oxide is as an intermediate ingredient in the further manufacture of industrial products (e.g. polyester). Ethylene oxide also has applications as a sterilising agent in healthcare and as a fumigant pesticide in agriculture. Historically, ethylene oxide was used as a fumigant pesticide to treat foodstuffs sold in Australia. Because of its volatility, ethylene oxide residue in food post-treatment can fully dissipate with time. However, the use of ethylene oxide on foods is being phased out worldwide, due to health concerns associated with residues that may…

Published December 2023