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How FSANZ ensures the safety of food additives
How FSANZ ensures the safety of food additives (July 2013) Food Standards Australia New Zealand carries out safety assessments on food additives before they can be used. FSANZ checks whether:
- the food additive is safe (at the use levels being proposed)
- there is a good technological reason for using the additive.
What do food additives do?
What do food additives do? (May 2016) Some food additives have more than one use. Food additives are listed in the statement of ingredients according to the most appropriate class name for the purpose of the food additive in that food. Examples of the most common class names are:
- Acids/Acidity regulators/Alkalis help to maintain a constant acid level in food. This is important for taste, as well as to influence how other substances in the food function. For example, an acidified food can retard the growth of some micro-organisms.
- Anti-caking agents reduce the tendency of individual food particles to adhere and improve flow characteristics. For example, seasoning with an added anti-caking agent flows freely and doesn't clump together.
- Antioxidants retard or prevent the…
Published 26 May 2016
Additives
Additives Food additives play an important part in our food supply ensuring our food is safe and meets the needs of consumers. How to find out about a food additive If you want to know more about a food additive look at the ingredient list on the food label for the additive's function and name or number, e.g. acidity regulator (260). You can use this information to gain a better understanding of what is in the food you eat. The lists below can help you identify food additives as you shop.
- Alphabetical food additives list (pdf 273kb)
- …
Published 20 June 2019
Aspartame
Aspartame Aspartame is an intense sweetener added to low-energy or sugar-free foods. It is used in foods including yoghurt, confectionery and carbonated beverages. The safety of aspartame has been comprehensively reviewed by FSANZ and other international organisations, including:
- Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization
- Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
- US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA).
Published 4 May 2022
Food colours
Food colours (February 2019) Food colours are either produced naturally or derived synthetically. Like all food additives, colours must undergo a safety assessment by FSANZ before they can be used in food or drinks sold in Australia or New Zealand. This process sets a safety limit for food additives to try and ensure no one would eat an unsafe level, even if they ate a large amount of foods containing the colour over a lifetime. The food colours currently approved have been used safely for decades and FSANZ reviews all new evidence about the safety of food colours. Surveys undertaken by FSANZ have found that Australian children consume low levels of food colours. Food intolerance Some people notice a reaction to either natural or synthetic additives.…
Published 14 May 2021
Glazing agents
Glazing agents (May 2021) Glazing agents are a type of food additive used to coat the outside of food to give it a shiny appearance and/or a protective coating that can extend shelf life. They are typically used on fresh fruit and vegetables, bakery products, chocolate, chewing gum and other confectionary products. Glazing agents include vegetable oils or animal fats (471) and waxes such as beeswax (901), shellac (904) and carnauba wax (903). Before any food additive can be used in food sold in Australia and New Zealand, they must be assessed for safety and approved by FSANZ. As part of the safety assessment, we make sure there is a sound technical reason for their use and that the levels are safe and suitable for food.
MSG in food
MSG in food (October 2017) In 1908, a Japanese chemistry professor determined that monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) was responsible for the characteristic meaty or savoury taste of the broth of dried bonito and Japanese seaweed. Since then, various salts of glutamic acid including MSG (all of which are also known as 'glutamates') have been commercially produced and deliberately added to food as a flavour enhancer. Glutamates also occur naturally in almost all foods, including meat, fish, vegetables and mushrooms. Even breast milk contains naturally occurring glutamate. In general, protein-rich foods such as meat contain large amounts of bound glutamate, whereas vegetables and fruits (especially peas, tomatoes, and potatoes) and mushrooms tend to contain high levels of free glutamate. Certain cheeses, such as…
Published 17 October 2017
Glutamates and food
Glutamates and food (July 2017) Glutamic acid is an amino acid, naturally produced in humans and occurring in free form, for example, in tomatoes, soy sauce or certain cheeses. Glutamates are added to a wide range of foods to enhance their flavour by giving them a “savoury” or “meaty” taste. Current permissions in Australia and New Zealand Food additives are approved for use in Australia and New Zealand only if it can be shown no harmful effects are likely to result from their use.FSANZ conducts pre-market safety assessments on all food additives and monitors relevant scientific developments. Glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620-625) are authorised food additives in the EU and Australia and New Zealand in line with good manufacturing practice (GMP). This means that a food manufacturer can…
Published 16 April 2018
Nitrates and nitrites
Nitrates and nitrites (September 2011) Nitrates and nitrites occur naturally in plant foods as part of the nitrogen cycle between air, land and water environments. Most of our dietary exposure to nitrates and nitrites is through fruit and vegetables. Eating fruit and vegetables is widely recommended due to the strong evidence of beneficial health effects against a range of diseases. Nitrates and nitrites have also been used as food additives in cured meats and some cheeses for many years, primarily to prevent the growth of Clostridium botulinum. Adding nitrites or nitrates improves the microbiological safety of these foods and extends their safe shelf life. In the past, some concerns have been raised about possible health risks associated with nitrates and nitrites in foods. To estimate Australians'…
Published 10 May 2018
Colours and food additives reported as banned
Colours and food additives reported as banned Sometimes colours and other food additives are reported as “banned” in some countries but permitted in Australia and New Zealand. A lack of permission in a country is not the same thing as a ban. It may mean manufacturers have never sought permission to use the additive, usually because alternatives are approved. Sometimes additives are not approved because of circumstances unique to a country (e.g. different dietary exposure). Different countries also have their own food regulatory systems and legislation. This can mean an additive may have been banned many years ago, however scientific evidence since then has proven it is safe. For example, there is legislation in the US that prevents permission of…
Published 15 September 2021